This page is for students in the Winter 2023 program Botany: Plants and People,
taught by Frederica Bowcutt.
The format for your bibliography (list of references) is that described by the Chicago Manual of Style Author-Date System. Here are examples for books and journal articles:
Grazer, Brian, and Charles Fishman. 2015. A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life. New York: Simon & Schuster.
LaSalle, Peter. 2017. “Conundrum: A Story about Reading.” New England Review 38 (1): 95–109. Project MUSE.
Satterfield, Susan. 2016. “Livy and the Pax Deum.” Classical Philology 111, no. 2 (April): 165–76.
Smith, Zadie. 2016. Swing Time. New York: Penguin Press.
You can find more information and examples of how to cite other types of documents on the Chicago Manual Author Date page.
However, in this program we are not using the Chicago Author-Date style for in-text citations. Instead we are using the Chicago Notes and Bibliography style for citing while you are writing. See box to your right for details.
Use the Chicago Notes and Bibliography style for citing while writing. Instead of parenthetical in-text citations, use endnotes (or footnotes). See the sample papers linked to in the next box for the full context with a variety of examples. Note that the specific page or pages that you are citing are included (unlike in the bibliography, where you will reference the entire work).
Here are models for your endnotes for books and journal articles (although the indentation should be just like that with running text, first line tabbed in, subsequent lines justified left . . . this is not represented here):
1. Zadie Smith, Swing Time (New York: Penguin Press, 2016), 315–16.
2. Brian Grazer and Charles Fishman, A Curious Mind: The Secret to a Bigger Life (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2015), 12.
3. Susan Satterfield, “Livy and the Pax Deum,” Classical Philology 111, no. 2 (April 2016): 170.
4. Shao-Hsun Keng, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem, “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality,” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 9–10, https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.
5. Smith, Swing Time, 320.
6. Grazer and Fishman, Curious Mind, 37.
7. Satterfield, “Livy,” 172–73.
8. Keng, Lin, and Orazem, “Expanding College Access,” 23.
You can find more information and examples of other types of documents on the Chicago Notes and Bibliography page.
Frederica recommends against using ibid for repeat citations.
Two sample papers that demonstrate the citation style required for the research paper in this program:
Frederica's "Tanoak Target" article.
Note: There is a small difference between these two sample papers. In Frederica's, the publishers did not use the "short title" version when citing a text for a second time -- the full citation is given each time. You can do it either way, though the short version when citing a work a 2nd time is probably quicker and easier!
And, in fact, in Frederica's Tanoak book, the University of Washington Press used only short versions in the Notes, no long versions.
Any of those 3 approaches to Notes are ok in this program.
Both the Tanoak article and Tanoak book have many useful examples of less-common documents and how to cite them in their bibliographies.
Yes. The gold standard method involves the Cite While You Write Zotero Word plugin, but that assumes you are using Cite While You Write throughout your paper writing process. There is a small learning curve and a bit of commitment involved, but for regular paper-writers, the payoff is big.
However, you can also create your endnotes directly from Zotero. Obviously this has to be done one endnote at a time. And when the Zotero citation pop up comes up, you have to select the Chicago Notes style (full note or short) and also change the Output Mode to Notes. Then paste the generated endnote into your document in accord with whatever system you are using to enter and maintain your endnotes.
As with generating a bibliography, you have to doublecheck the output for errors (if any, they are usually caused by bad or missing data from your original source).